Soaps:
Soapnut powder has been in use for almost 3,000 years. And still in many parts of India, soap nut powder is using as a natural soap to remove oil.
Soap is a sodium salt or potassium salt of long chain fatty acids having cleansing action in water. They are using as cleansing agents to remove dirt, oil from the skin and clothes.
Examples:
Sodium stearate, sodium oliate and sodium palmitate formed using stearic acid oleic acid and palmitic acid.
Preparation of soap in laboratory:
Animal fat or vegetable oil act as glyceride or glyceryl ester. And sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide act as bases.
Take about 30 ml of vegetable oil in a beaker. Then add 60 ml of 20% sodium hydroxide solution to it.
This mixture is heated slowly till it boils. After the mixture has boiled for five to ten minutes add 5grams of sodium chloride in order to separate soap from the solution. Allow the solution to cool. The creamy layer floating on top of the solution is the soap.
Thus soap is prepared by hydrolysing fat or oil with bases such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. This process of soap preparation is known as saponification
Soaps:
Soapnut powder has been in use for almost 3,000 years. And still in many parts of India, soap nut powder is using as a natural soap to remove oil.
Soap is a sodium salt or potassium salt of long chain fatty acids having cleansing action in water. They are using as cleansing agents to remove dirt, oil from the skin and clothes.
Examples:
Sodium stearate, sodium oliate and sodium palmitate formed using stearic acid oleic acid and palmitic acid.
Preparation of soap in laboratory:
Animal fat or vegetable oil act as glyceride or glyceryl ester. And sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide act as bases.
Take about 30 ml of vegetable oil in a beaker. Then add 60 ml of 20% sodium hydroxide solution to it.
This mixture is heated slowly till it boils. After the mixture has boiled for five to ten minutes add 5grams of sodium chloride in order to separate soap from the solution. Allow the solution to cool. The creamy layer floating on top of the solution is the soap.
Thus soap is prepared by hydrolysing fat or oil with bases such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. This process of soap preparation is known as saponification
Activity 1
Cengage.com has created an animated video on "Soap Micelle Formation". This video teaches students how the soap molecules remove dirt from the clothes. This video clearly shows the formation of micelle. After watching the video students can also attempt the quiz.
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Activity 2
Amrita.olabs.co has created student useful interactive simulation on Saponification :The Process of Making Soap. This simulation shows how oil or fats reacts with sodium hydroxide solution and get converted into glycerol and soap. This video gives real lab experience to students and also provides inference for each step of the reaction mechanism.
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Activity 3
Amrita.olabs.co has created student interactive simulation on cleansing capacity of soap with soft and hard water. This simulation help to compare the foaming capacity of soap with different samples of water. This video gives real lab experience and also provides inference at each step.
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